Formula
VAT included = net × (1 + rate). Net = gross ÷ (1 + rate).
UK localized calculator
Calculate VAT-inclusive, VAT-exclusive, standard 20%, reduced 5%, or zero-rated amounts.
Main result
Calculating GOV.UK VAT rates.Calculation basis date: 15 May 2026. Uses standard 20%, reduced 5%, and zero VAT options.
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VAT included = net × (1 + rate). Net = gross ÷ (1 + rate).
The correct VAT rate depends on the goods or services supplied.
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Rules, rates, thresholds, deductions, credits, fees, exchange rates and local requirements can change and may differ by country, state, city, institution, transaction date and personal facts. We do not guarantee that the calculations are accurate, complete, current or suitable for your situation. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, we disclaim liability for losses, damages, penalties, interest, taxes, claims or disputes arising from use of, or reliance on, this site.
UK note: this calculator is not legal, tax, accounting, mortgage, payroll or financial advice. Check HMRC, GOV.UK, your lender, solicitor or a qualified adviser before acting.